Statutes prohibit a managed care organization contract from containing a provision or nondisclosure clause which prohibits physicians or other healthcare providers from giving patients information regarding diagnoses, prognoses and treatment options. Statutes also prohibit a managed care organization from refusing to contract with a provider solely because the provider communicated with patients regarding provisions of the HMO’s products or services. Statutes also govern a utilization review organization which provides an independent medical necessity or appropriateness of service review.